Pakistan’s New Military Shift — Expanded Powers for Army Chief Reshape National Politics

Pakistan’s Army Chief Gains Expanded Powers Under Major Constitutional Reform Pakistan’s parliament has approved a significant constitutional amendment that grants Field Marshal Asim Munir — the country’s current army chief — new powers and lifetime immunity from arrest and prosecution. Analysts say the reform further strengthens the military’s already dominant position in national affairs and may push the state closer to autocratic governance. The 27th Constitutional Amendment, recently signed into law, introduces sweeping changes to the structure and functioning of Pakistan’s highest courts. Supporters of the move argue that the reforms will streamline the judicial process, reduce case backlogs and reinforce administrative clarity within the armed forces. Critics, however, warn that the military’s growing influence could undermine the balance between civilian institutions and military leadership. Pakistan’s army has historically played a central role in shaping the country’s political and security decisions. From direct takeovers to behind-the-scenes influence, the military has remained deeply involved in governance for decades. Observers say the new amendment tilts power further towards the military establishment. Throughout Pakistan’s political history, the balance of power has shifted repeatedly between elected governments and military rulers. Experts note that this latest amendment reflects a transition toward what they describe as a “post-hybrid” political system — where military influence outweighs civilian authority. Under the new law, Munir — who has served as army chief since 2022 — will also supervise the navy and air force. His title of field marshal is now permanent, allowing him to retain official duties even after retirement, based on the president’s recommendation and the prime minister’s approval. Many believe this will give him continued political visibility and influence for years to come. Government-backed supporters argue that the amendment clarifies Pakistan’s military command structure and aligns national defense reforms with modern warfare needs. But human rights activists and political critics warn that the move hands excessive power to the military at a time when democratic institutions are already under strain. A second major area of reform focuses on Pakistan’s judiciary. The amendment establishes a new Federal Constitutional Court (FCC), which will handle constitutional matters previously dealt with by the Supreme Court. The FCC’s chief justice and judges will be appointed by the president, raising concerns about political control over judicial independence. Legal experts worry that the restructuring reduces the judiciary’s space to operate freely. Some judges have described the shift as a threat to fair trials and constitutional rights. Immediately after the amendment was signed, two Supreme Court judges resigned, arguing that the judiciary had been placed under executive and military influence. Supporters of the changes say the new system will help evenly staff courts across the country and improve judicial efficiency. Critics fear that the appointment system could be used as leverage against judges who do not align with government or military positions. Political analysts believe the amendment signals a shift toward a more centralized and authoritarian model of governance. Many warn that growing military dominance may further destabilize Pakistan’s already fragile political landscape. ---